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The Second Wave of Civilizations

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The second wave of civilization came from the increase in numbers from the first civilization. From villages to states and empires means an increase in people. The second wave from the Roman, Persian, Indian and Chinese empires simply outnumbered the first civilizations from Mesopotamia and Egypt.  This new growth in numbers mainly came from Eurasia, Middle East, China and India.  between 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E. Many of these empires did not cross each others paths because each civilization was building their own empire under political systems, cultural values, and organizing society. The largest of them was the Persian Empire as the Achaemenid dynasty. The Persian Empire conquered much of the land surrounding them and grew to be about 35 to 50 million people. This empire ruled under a monarch (kingship) and used elaborate rituals for the royalty. The Greek civilization known as the Hellenes, was similar to the Persian Empire because they were also very diverse with many d...
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Social Classes (Ch 5)

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In China, the state officials were only males. There was other classes known as the landlord class, peasant and merchants. The landlords were wealthy families who owned land. Peasants were what most people were categorized as because the were living in small homes with 2-3 generations of family. They may own small parts of land and maybe enough to sell in the market but went through great struggles that were imposed onto them from taxes, fees and other from the government. Merchants were unproductive and were known for selling products of others'. In India, the caste system was very important. There were 5  classes, or varnas. Brahmins were priest and teachers. Kshatriyas were warriors or rulers. Vaisya were farmers, merchants, or artisans. Sudras were laborers. The untouchables were polluted laborers. The Roman Empire was known for its use of slaves. The Greeks, Chinese, Indians and Romans all used slaves. The slvaes were usually criminals or those being punished. Slave owners...
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Ch 9- Islam

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Islam has a huge population throughout the world today. Mainly in the areas of the Middle East today. Afro-Asia was where it primarily began. Arabia was fighting with themselves for land and trade. Mecca was one of the most religious cities but also largely used for trade. The Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empires were the largest. The new religion that began was that of Islam who focuses on Mohammad and used the Quran as their "bible" that was written in Arabic. The purpose of the religion were to create a revolutionary message of monotheism. These empires were interested in long distance trade routes. The people were separated by class systems  and were limited by those social classes to their trade routes. Dar al-Islam was a new civilization that allowed for more opportunity to education. Growing in networks based on their religious similarities allowed them to learn more about their own cultures and values that were shared among a large population. This network h...
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